Australian scientific know-how commercially exploited

legal protection of know how

unlike patent, there are not clear legal rules to protect know how in iranian law, then intellectual property law theories require to afford protection to know haw and its owner. the protection rules may be provided under contractual bases or under law. approaches of legal systems towards the terms and rules of the protection are different. in iranian legal system some protection rules are foun...

Management of patients with colorectal cancer: do Australian surgeons know the scientific evidence?

HYPOTHESIS Not all Australian surgeons are aware of the status of the current evidence for the management of colorectal cancer. DESIGN Postal survey of Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. PARTICIPANTS One hundred ninety-five surgeons (127 general surgeons and 68 subspecialist colorectal surgeons) from a response fraction of 89%. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Overall awareness s...

How Scientists Know What Babies Know

How do we know that we know what we know?

How Science Works’ is now the focus of the national science specifications in English schools. This article is a brief introduction to the philosophy of science from the Greeks to the present day that underpins this notion. From September 2006, the emphasis for teaching science at GCSE is on ‘How Science Works’. This focus will also shape the revisions of the AS and A2 specifications from Septe...

How do people know?

To fully understand processes of knowing and knowledge acquisition, it is necessary to examine people's understanding of their own knowing. Individual and developmental differences in what it means to know something, and hence in the criteria for justifying knowledge claims, have potentially wide-ranging implications. In providing support for a claim, young children have difficulty differentiat...